Pencak Silat Martial Arts: History

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What is "Pencak Silat" ?

Definition of Pencak Silat
Pencak Silat is a standard term used to describe a typical Indonesian martial art. Martial arts itself contains two meanings: Arts and Self-defense (Martial).

Refers to the beauty of the art motion planning, pattern move, attack-defense, even art in martial arts is more specifically defined as the art of dance show in which the beauty of martial arts movements and steps to the musical accompaniment of drums combined arts (nayaga).
Art can also be interpreted as a technique; attack techniques, techniques dodge, parry, hit, and so on. Herein lies the difference a martial arts expert with laymen during a fight in which a martial arts master who will face an opponent with a patterned movement and measurable.

Martial arts is a key element in Pencak Silat, the essence of one's expertise in Pencak Silat is in self-defense against crime.
Defend himself in the martial arts course using techniques, rules and filososfi in one's own martial arts. Pencak silat martial art born from a sense though, initiative, and inventiveness of our ancestors greatly influenced by elements of the culture and customs, because that is in charge of martial arts principles and philosophies that characterize a very strong indigenous nation.
As a martial art that is full of typical local wisdom ancestors, every region in Indonesia has its own term to refer Pencak Silat as a martial art.
In West Java, known as amengan, ulin, or maenpo. In Minang or west Sumatra called Silek, in Batavia called "Main pukul", Central Java and East Java called "Pencak", in Makassar called "Mancak", in east Kalimantan called "Bermancak", and so on.
To homogenize terms necessary for the international association that is then born of raw title "Pencak Silat".

Organizations are realizing the federation of martial arts in various nation states are "Persekutuan Pencak Silat(PERSILAT)", which was formed by Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. Pencak Silat is a martial sport that requires a lot of concentration. Usually every region in Indonesia has a typical martial arts school.
For example, the area of West Java is famous and Cikalong Cimande flow, no flow in Central Java, White Dove and no flow in East Java Shield Yourself.

Every four years in Indonesia there is a national level martial arts match in National Sports Week. Martial arts also competed in the SEA Games since 1987. Beyond Indonesia also there are many fans of martial arts such as Australia, the Netherlands, Germany, and America.
At the national level sport through games and sports martial arts into one of the means of unifying the country, even to the name of the nation, and the identity of the nation. Martial arts sport has been contested at the international scale. In Indonesia, a lot of schools in the martial arts, with many streams shows that there is a wealth of culture in Indonesia with the values in it.

History of Pencak Silat

Since when martial arts in Indonesia? It is very difficult to answer this question, no one can answer with certainty when its origin. But as a self-defense activity, the forerunner of Pencak silat martial arts can be considered as old humans.
Did not the early humans have been accustomed to hard against his nature, wild animals and other human groups in maintaining their viability. Whatever his name every form of hand gestures, legs and other body parts, in whatever form the primitive style is a martial art (though sometimes to strike first).

Referring to the above hypothesis, it is logical to say "Silat / Pencak silat" (naming now) was very old and born with the formation of the composition Indonesia's oldest people (referring to the tribes who lived throughout the archipelago).
Tribes is then spread throughout the archipelago so that its influence can be seen today in Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, Thailand, and surrounding areas.

In the year 130 BC has established the first kingdom in Java called Salakanagara. A simple kingdom whatever its form, must have security tools to protect his kingdom, here there must be a martial skill possessed by the soldiers and their commander, even told his royal predecessors salakanagara are people who are expert martial.

In further developments in line with the progress of civilization nations living in the archipelago, this martial art also boomed, acculturation and influence each other, especially after interacting with other nations such as china and india and acculturation occurred including the martial arts.
It is estimated that since the 7th century martial arts have spread in the archipelago, with the spread through oral tradition from mouth to mouth, from teacher to pupil. This oral tradition is one of the least causes no valid historical documentation about the martial arts.
Although the origin of martial arts is still difficult to ascertain, but it was agreed that martial arts is a culture born of ancestors and the forerunner of the Indonesian nation. For example, the Malay nation especially in the Malacca peninsula believe the legend "Hang Tuah" is a great martial arts warrior in the 14th century.

4 Period of Historical Development of Indonesian Pencak Silat

Pencak Silat is a part of Indonesian culture evolved in line with the history of the people of Indonesia.
With a variety of geographical and ethnological situation and the changing times experienced by the people of Indonesia, Pencak Silat is formed by the circumstances.

Pencak Silat now we are familiar with the form and style that is diverse, yet has the same aspects.
Pencak Silat contains elements of the personality of the Indonesian nation possessed of Farmed hereditary.

Historical development of Pencak Silat briefly can be divided into 4 period, namely:

The development of Pencak Silat before the Dutch colonization in Indonesia
Self-defense in these times which are mainly based on high personal ability, is the basis of self-defense systems, both in the face of life's struggle and in the defense group.
The development of Pencak Silat at the time of Dutch colonization
Opportunities are permitted only in the form of art or arts development solely still used in some areas, leading to a performance or ceremony only.
The development of Pencak Silat at the time of the Japanese occupation
The entire Java simultaneously established Pencak Silat movements are regulated by the Government
The development of Pencak Silat at the time of Indonesia's independence

Tapak Suci Martial Arts History

Tapak Suci as one of the martial arts Pencak Silat variant also has a characteristic that could indicate a strong identity. Characteristic were developed through a long process through which historical roots.

Starting from the flow of Pencak Silat Banjaran in boarding binorong, banjarnegara in 1872, the flow is then developed into a martial arts school in Yogyakarta Kauman because of the displacement of teachers (warrior), namely KH.Busyro Syuhada, due to the armed resistance was doing so he became a fugitive by the Dutch colonial regime.

In this Kauman warrior KH.Busyro Syuhada get pupils were tough and could inherit the skill in the art Pencak Silat. These Pencak Silat arts college founded in 1925 and was named College cikauman led by warrior MA Wahib and Swordsman A.Dimyati, namely two disciples KH tough upbringing. Busyro Syuhada.

Education Cikauman delivered many young warrior-warrior who eventually develop university branch to expand a wider range under the name College of Seranoman in 1930.

The development of these two institutions is increasingly rapidly with increasing pupil pretty much. Students from this college then many become members of the army of self-defense forces "Sabil" against the invaders, and many were killed in the armed resistance. The birth of the young warrior-warrior college education results Cikaumandan and Seranoman possible to establish new universities, among which is the University Kasegu in 1951.

At the urging of students from the University Kasegu, then came the idea to combine all colleges Pencak Silat that one stream. In 1963, the encouragement it is getting stronger, but faces opposition from the clergy Cikauman and the old warriors who feel neglected.

With intensive approach and with consideration that there must be a physical force possessed Muslims confront communist forces who did provocation against Muslims, then the idea to reunite forces are broken to college into a college strength. The whole device is prepared organizational, and finally agreed to rejoin forces Pencak Silat separate colleges into one force college, which colleges Pencak Silat Tapak Suci on July 31, 1960 which is a continuation of the history of previous plague universities.

In further developments, Universities Tapak Suci based in Yogyakarta eventually evolved in Yogyakarta and other regions. After the uprising G30 S / PKI, in 1966 organized the first National Conference Tapak Suci college attended by delegates College Tapak Suci scattered in various regions in Indonesia.

At that point successfully formulated strengthening national organizations, and universities Tapak Suci further developed and renamed "Gerakan dan Lembaga Perguruan Seni Beladiri Indonesia Tapak Suci Putera Muhammadiyah".