Pencak Silat Martial Arts: 2013

History of Pencak Silat

Since when martial arts in Indonesia? It is very difficult to answer this question, no one can answer with certainty when its origin. But as a self-defense activity, the forerunner of Pencak silat martial arts can be considered as old humans.
Did not the early humans have been accustomed to hard against his nature, wild animals and other human groups in maintaining their viability. Whatever his name every form of hand gestures, legs and other body parts, in whatever form the primitive style is a martial art (though sometimes to strike first).

Referring to the above hypothesis, it is logical to say "Silat / Pencak silat" (naming now) was very old and born with the formation of the composition Indonesia's oldest people (referring to the tribes who lived throughout the archipelago).
Tribes is then spread throughout the archipelago so that its influence can be seen today in Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, Thailand, and surrounding areas.

In the year 130 BC has established the first kingdom in Java called Salakanagara. A simple kingdom whatever its form, must have security tools to protect his kingdom, here there must be a martial skill possessed by the soldiers and their commander, even told his royal predecessors salakanagara are people who are expert martial.

In further developments in line with the progress of civilization nations living in the archipelago, this martial art also boomed, acculturation and influence each other, especially after interacting with other nations such as china and india and acculturation occurred including the martial arts.
It is estimated that since the 7th century martial arts have spread in the archipelago, with the spread through oral tradition from mouth to mouth, from teacher to pupil. This oral tradition is one of the least causes no valid historical documentation about the martial arts.
Although the origin of martial arts is still difficult to ascertain, but it was agreed that martial arts is a culture born of ancestors and the forerunner of the Indonesian nation. For example, the Malay nation especially in the Malacca peninsula believe the legend "Hang Tuah" is a great martial arts warrior in the 14th century.

4 Period of Historical Development of Indonesian Pencak Silat

Pencak Silat is a part of Indonesian culture evolved in line with the history of the people of Indonesia.
With a variety of geographical and ethnological situation and the changing times experienced by the people of Indonesia, Pencak Silat is formed by the circumstances.

Pencak Silat now we are familiar with the form and style that is diverse, yet has the same aspects.
Pencak Silat contains elements of the personality of the Indonesian nation possessed of Farmed hereditary.

Historical development of Pencak Silat briefly can be divided into 4 period, namely:

The development of Pencak Silat before the Dutch colonization in Indonesia
Self-defense in these times which are mainly based on high personal ability, is the basis of self-defense systems, both in the face of life's struggle and in the defense group.
The development of Pencak Silat at the time of Dutch colonization
Opportunities are permitted only in the form of art or arts development solely still used in some areas, leading to a performance or ceremony only.
The development of Pencak Silat at the time of the Japanese occupation
The entire Java simultaneously established Pencak Silat movements are regulated by the Government
The development of Pencak Silat at the time of Indonesia's independence

4 Main Aspects In Pencak Silat

There are 4 main aspects in Pencak Silat, namely:

Mental-Spiritual Aspects
Pencak Silat build and develop one's personality and noble character.

Aspects of Art and Culture
Culture and Pencak Silat art game is one very important aspect. Pencak terms generally describe the art form of Pencak Silat dance.

Martial Aspect
Persistence and self-confidence is very important in mastering martial arts in Pencak Silat. Silat term, tend to emphasize the aspect of pencaksilat martial technical capabilities.

Aspect of Sports
This means that the physical aspect is important in Pencak Silat. Pencak Silat Fighters tried to adjust the mind with the body though. The competition is part of this aspect. Aspects include games and sports demonstrations stance forms, both for single, double or team.

Those that argue that the martial aspect and exercise, both physical and breathing, is the beginning of the Pencak Silat development.
Aspects of sports and Martial Aspect is what has made Pencak Silat be grown in Europe.

The Proficiency Stages of Pencak Silat

In summary, student, or Pencak Silat fighters divided into several stages or levels of proficiency, namely:

Beginners
Taught all the basic stages as Kuda-kuda, the technique kicks, punches, blocks, dodgery, catch, dings, body work, as well as a series of basic steps and moves as standard IPSI.

Medium
At this stage, is more focused on applications fighters all the basic movements, understanding, variation, and here will start to look the interests and talents of Pencak silat fighters, and will be distributed to each branch, for example, Sports & Arts.

Coach
The result of the ability of mature experience in the budding stage, and the medium will make the Pencak silat fighters step into the next stage, where they will be given techniques of martial arts college, where this technique is only given to people who are trustworthy, and technically capable and moral, because it usually is a martial arts technique that is highly effective combat techniques to incapacitate an opponent / very deadly.

Warrior
A Pencak Silat's fighter who has been recognized by the elders college, they will inherit the secret sciences high level.

Techniques in Pencak Silat

The technique is a system or way of doing a movement or do not do anything in the Pencak silat.
Keep Silent, or not doing anything is also a technique, for example, is a calm attitude with a sharp looking towards the opponent.

In general, the technique in Pencak silat can be divided into:

Attitude ( Sikap )
Attitude here means the state of a fighter in a fight, whether it's the game or the actual fight. Attitude is sometimes referred to as "Pasang", style, Stand style , or Kuda-kuda.
The attitude of each fighter will be different depending on flow studies. There are calm, there seemed understated, there is a stand with solid Kuda-kuda, and so on.

Techniques Attack ( Hitting, Kicking, Dropping).
Attacks in Pencak silat has the style and a regular pattern and directional, which distinguishes it from inconsequential attacks layman. Striking can be done by all members throughout the body and limbs opponent.
Herein lies the difference between competed Pencak silat with traditionally Pencak silat. Pencak silat for game has certain rules that prohibit dangerous fighters to attack the opponent's area.

Techniques Dodge
There are many kinds of avoidance techniques, such as straight-forward attack can be avoided by taking a step back, move sideways, or downing the body combined with patterned leg movements.

Techniques Parry
Fend generally use a hand, but can also using the foot, to deflect the kick. Cimande fighter known for his muscle and bone strength are trained specifically to a particular method. Defense is conducted by a pit fighter Cimande with bone (hands or feet) can break his bones. Parry a fighter who relied sense, will feel soft but deadly. Fend sometimes followed by capturing the opponent's hand.

Techniques Step
In general stepped in Pencak silat toward the four winds (commonly referred her pancer), ie forward, backward, right and left. Step pattern is varied form and its techniques, there are steps triangles, rectangles step, step horseshoe pattern, circular steps, and so on.

Pencak Silat in The World

Pencak Silat has grown rapidly during the 20th century and has been a sports competition under the control and regulation Persilat (Persekutuan Pencak Silat Between Nations, or the International Pencak Silat Federation). Pencak Silat is being promoted by Persilat in several countries across the 5 continents, with the goal of making martial arts became an Olympic sport. Persilat promoting Pencak Silat as an international sporting competition. Only members are allowed to participate Persilat recognized in international competition.

Now, some European national federations of martial arts along with Persilat has established the European Pencak Silat Federation. In 1986 the World Pencak Silat Championship first outside Asia, takes place in Vienna, Austria.

In 2002 Pencak Silat program was introduced as part of a performance at the Asian Games in Busan, South Korea for the first time. The last World Championship was in 2002 took place in Penang, Malaysia in December 2002.

Aside from efforts Persilat that make martial arts as sport games, there are many schools of traditional old martial art that develops with the name Silek and Silat in various parts of the world. It is estimated that there are hundreds of streams (styles) and thousands of college.

Mental-Spiritual Aspects in Pencak Silat

Generally Pencak Silat teaches the introduction of personal self as a human or living creature that believe in a higher power is God.
Typically, Pencak Silat as mystical teachings given to students who has been studying further in Pencak silat. The goal is to improve the manners or magnanimity students. So in the end Pencak Silat has the objective to achieve harmony, balance and harmony of nature around, in order to fill the National Development Indonesia in realizing the complete Indonesian man.

Undeniably, mental and spiritual aspects of development implemented in other aspects of Pencak Silat. This aspect of the soul of the other aspects.
In IPSI emblem, mental and spiritual aspects of coaching is symbolized by the handle on the trident. By holding the handle, then we can play a trident function properly and directed.
This points to the importance of the mental aspect of spiritual guidance in every step of a fighter.
This is in accordance with the third item on the 10 pearls of former president Soeharto on August 1, 1994 reads: Coaching Pencak Silat in all its aspects in order to stay focused, devoted, noble character and devotion to parents, community and nation.

Martial Aspect in Pencak Silat

As a typical martial sport Indonesia, Pencak Silat has Common characteristics are also special characteristics.

Pencak Silat is a common trait among Another is:

Can be used all parts of the body and limbs
Can be done with bare hands or with weapons

The special characteristic of martial arts there are five:

Have a calm demeanor and limp but still wary
Using the flexibility, agility and speed while
Using the principle weigh. Movement fighters should based on the play position with the changes weight displacement point.
Take advantage of any attack and attrition.
Slightly may issue its own power so that it can save energy and save energy. In essence, the aspect Pencak Silat martial arts is not to defeat the opponent but to dominate opponents.

Aspects of Art in Pencak Silat

Pencak Silat is a type of martial sports which have aspect of the art. It can be seen from the movements that also raises the element of beauty.
Pencak Silat movements of any flow rsifat always be smooth, supple, flexible and rhythmic. Even if there is an element of violence, it is only right to power powerful.

The special feature on Pencak Silat is part art in certain areas are typical of percussion accompaniment. On This art lines are the rules of motion and rhythm is a special deepening (skill). Pencak Silat as art must comply with the provisions, harmony, balance, harmony between rhythm, flavor and body.

Pencak Silat multiple streams instead use musical accompaniment in practice. Call it jidor in East Java, as well as the drum arts in West Java. Musical accompaniment does not have to be strains music of a musical instrument. Clap, pat his chest and whch hand can be beautiful music.

In some areas of Indonesian Pencak Silat shown almost solely as the art of dance, which is not at all similar as sports and martial arts. For example dance serampang twelve in North Sumatra, West Sumatra randai dance and tap dance Tilu in West Java.
The dancers are able to demonstrate that dance as martial motion that effectively and efficiently to ensure security personal. ·

Sports Aspect of Pencak Silat

Although the elements and aspects contained in the Pencak Silat can not be separated, but construction on each lane to do. In terms of sports Pencak Silat have certain elements in accordance with the purpose limitation of motion and effort to meet the physical function and spiritual.
Pencak Silat movements can be done by everyone both young and old, as individuals or groups.
Development of sports elements contained in the Pencak Silat as a sport by its intensity is divided into:

Sports Performance
Pencak Silat development as a sport and competitions (Championships) was started in 1969, with the trials competition in the regions and at the national level.
In PON VIII in 1973 in Jakarta was contested for the first time, which constitute the first national championship level again.
Problems that must be faced is the number of flows as well as the elements which is not a sport that has been pervasive in the Pencak Silat.

With awareness of the warrior and builder Pencak Silat and constant efforts, it now sports program is an important part in the construction of Pencak Silat in general.
While this Pencak Silat has been disseminated in the countries of the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg, France, Great Britain, Denmark, West Germany, Suriname, United States, Australia, New Zealand.
Recreational Sports
There are two senses of recreational element. The first is for the pleasure of understanding the meaning while the second is for physical health and spiritual recovery. In practice Pencak Silat is an element of fun.
This can be seen in a fighter who enjoy the exercise, not to mention when fighters are practicing sparring with special musical accompaniment Pencak Silat.
This situation shows Pencak Silat as a recreational sport.

Tapak Suci Martial Arts History

Tapak Suci as one of the martial arts Pencak Silat variant also has a characteristic that could indicate a strong identity. Characteristic were developed through a long process through which historical roots.

Starting from the flow of Pencak Silat Banjaran in boarding binorong, banjarnegara in 1872, the flow is then developed into a martial arts school in Yogyakarta Kauman because of the displacement of teachers (warrior), namely KH.Busyro Syuhada, due to the armed resistance was doing so he became a fugitive by the Dutch colonial regime.

In this Kauman warrior KH.Busyro Syuhada get pupils were tough and could inherit the skill in the art Pencak Silat. These Pencak Silat arts college founded in 1925 and was named College cikauman led by warrior MA Wahib and Swordsman A.Dimyati, namely two disciples KH tough upbringing. Busyro Syuhada.

Education Cikauman delivered many young warrior-warrior who eventually develop university branch to expand a wider range under the name College of Seranoman in 1930.

The development of these two institutions is increasingly rapidly with increasing pupil pretty much. Students from this college then many become members of the army of self-defense forces "Sabil" against the invaders, and many were killed in the armed resistance. The birth of the young warrior-warrior college education results Cikaumandan and Seranoman possible to establish new universities, among which is the University Kasegu in 1951.

At the urging of students from the University Kasegu, then came the idea to combine all colleges Pencak Silat that one stream. In 1963, the encouragement it is getting stronger, but faces opposition from the clergy Cikauman and the old warriors who feel neglected.

With intensive approach and with consideration that there must be a physical force possessed Muslims confront communist forces who did provocation against Muslims, then the idea to reunite forces are broken to college into a college strength. The whole device is prepared organizational, and finally agreed to rejoin forces Pencak Silat separate colleges into one force college, which colleges Pencak Silat Tapak Suci on July 31, 1960 which is a continuation of the history of previous plague universities.

In further developments, Universities Tapak Suci based in Yogyakarta eventually evolved in Yogyakarta and other regions. After the uprising G30 S / PKI, in 1966 organized the first National Conference Tapak Suci college attended by delegates College Tapak Suci scattered in various regions in Indonesia.

At that point successfully formulated strengthening national organizations, and universities Tapak Suci further developed and renamed "Gerakan dan Lembaga Perguruan Seni Beladiri Indonesia Tapak Suci Putera Muhammadiyah".

8 Kicks Typical of Tapak Suci Pencak Silat

Kick on Tapak Suci divided into eight groups, each of which moves named resemble the name of flora and fauna.
Tapak Suci named moves that are taught by the names of the flora and fauna, containing the following meanings:

Featuring a new color in education and martial arts training
Name of flora and fauna make it easier for members in considering the motion

Each of these moves is differentiated according to the Targeting tool, character, and uniqueness of each.
The eighth group's stance is applied both in the movement bare hands or with weapons.
Eight groups of Tapak Suci Kick:

Roses
Frog
Dragon
Flying fish
Pigeon
Bulls
Eagle
Tiger

Tapak Suci Martial Arts Understanding

Tapak Suci martial arts has its own characteristics when compared to other martial arts stream, Tapak Suci is the flow of pure traditional martial arts, because it brought together a variety of martial arts, and revealing these sciences.

Tapak Suci martial arts including rational flow, which utilizes intellect, by the functioning of the devices and their physical usefulness in the body, so it can function properly with the linking of one organ to another, as well as the contents of each filling, when needed.

Due to the limited intellect, then with the permission of god reason to be filled with useful knowledge for the human defense and martial arts.
In the martial world there are two kinds of "Power (Energy)" is used to defend themselves from the threat of other creatures, namely outer energy and inner energy.

Outer Energy
Understanding external power according to society in general is a movement performed by the movement of the body, but the meaning of martial arts is governed by reasonable force.

Inner Energy
According to the understanding of society in general, in power is integrated between physical strength with consciousness associated with concentration.
Tapak Suci in the labor force is a combination of physical strength with consciousness (concentration) organized, know the benefits when using it, conscious mind and senses, and trained regularly and continuously.

Science as outlined in Tapak Suci based on speed and accuracy, so that is not taught in college Tapak Suci spell, conditioning, special fasting and so on, but all science is taught is the science that is based on the ratio.
As for the level of ability of students and members of Tapak Suci based on each individual perseverance.

4 Curriculum of West Sumatera Silat ( Minangkabau Silek )

The curriculum in the Minangkabau Silek consists of:

Langkah: Langkah is the concept and the key of the game Silek is good and right.
Buah: Practical Techniques in Silek which is the development of langkah.
Isi: The spiritual aspect, the use of force in, if the understanding of the essence of martial arts or taste.
Bungo, Pancak or Mancak (Kembangan): Aspects of the martial art for entertainment or performances.
Silek Bunge is often found on formal occasions. Bunge Silek is a combination between langkah and buah. Silek movements are shown as beautiful and as good as possible and both fighters trying to not hurt each other and are usually accompanied by traditional music. Tuo-tuo Silek often performed in this event as a tribute to him

1.Langkah
Stepping is a basic lesson in Silek. There are some basic movements that will be taught, namely:

Gelek (Gelek, in English, twist): change the position of the body facing or facing right and left without changing the position of the feet or without stepping). In the main pairs, the left leg in front will produce gel3k in, whereas if the right foot in front will produce gel3k outside.
balabek (belebat): change the appropriate hand movements footsteps. Balabek serves as a defense for the upper body if attacked. Usually the right hand and left hand crossed if squeezed. How to play this balabek varies depending on the flow of silat, a martial Koto Anau, Solok regency, play balabek by means fist like a boxer. There is another balabek with a combination of lump in satutangan and spoon in the other.
Langkah ka jo muko langkah suruik (step forward and step backward): step, changing the body position by moving the legs.
Langkah insuik (step inching): mengeser foot stepped forward or backward. For example, the right leg is shifted slightly to the front, followed by sliding the left foot slightly forward. Insuik steps do not need to lift a leg to move, simply shifted course. This step pattern is useful to fix a position to defend or attack. This technique usually come away unnoticed by fighters.
Tagak Itiak (upright duck): standing like a duck or duck with only one leg.
Babaliak (turning 180 degrees), turning can baliak Suok (turning right) or baliak spangle (turning left).
Simpia (simpir, sweep), the sweep of the attack on foot.
Guntiang (Scissors), clipping attacks on foot.
Tikam jajak (stab trail), footsteps who replaced the previous step. For example, when the right foot stepped forward, left foot right foot trail position is. The same principle passed otherwise.